Spinal Vascular Malformations

Spinal vascular malformations are abnormal connections between arteries and veins in or around the spinal cord. These faulty vessels disrupt normal blood flow, causing pressure, swelling, and reduced oxygen supply to the spinal cord. Over time, this may lead to symptoms like tingling, pain, weakness, gait imbalance, or even paralysis if untreated. Early evaluation is crucial because the progression is often silent, and timely treatment can prevent irreversible damage.

These malformations alter the normal flow of blood in the spinal cord, creating high-pressure backflow that damages delicate neural tissue. As the spinal cord becomes congested, patients may experience progressive neurological deficits such as numbness, sudden weakness, bowel or bladder dysfunction, and severe back pain. Because symptoms resemble common spine issues, misdiagnosis is common, making specialist evaluation essential.

Minimally invasive neurointerventional procedures provide safe and effective treatment for spinal vascular malformations. Embolization is commonly used to block abnormal vessels and restore normal blood flow. In some cases, staged treatments or combined surgical approaches are needed depending on location, size, and complexity. When performed early by an endovascular specialist, outcomes are significantly better, with reduced risk of long-term neurological impairment.